Grasslands and Rangelands
1: What is the term for:
*Natural Grasslands: livestock graze
* Managed Grasslands: (pastures).
2: How do we sustain rangeland productivity? -productivity by controlling the number and distribution of livestock and by restoring degraded rangeland.
3: When does overgrazing occur?
-when too many animals graze for too long and exceed carrying capacity of a grassland area.
4: What are ways that people are trying to preserve the grasslands on cattle ranches?
-Paying ranchers conservation easements (barring future owners from development).
Pressuring government to zone the land to prevent development of ecologically sensitive areas.
5: What were some of the causes of the American Dust Bowl of the 1930’s?
-John Wesley Powell in the late 1800s called for agencies to base management on science
-Farming Western lands had to account for arid conditions
-These ideas ignored, contributing failures
6: What are some of the reasons to establish National Parks and Reserves?
-Monumentalism = preserving areas with enormous, beautiful or unusual features, such as the Grand Canyon
-Offer recreational value to tourists, hikers, fishers, hunters and others
-Protect areas with utilitarian benefits, such as clean drinking water
7: What is the Antiquities Act of 1906?
-The president can declare selected public lands as national monuments
8: Who established the National Wildlife Refuges? When?
-Begun in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt
9: What are wilderness areas?
-They are areas that cant be used for anything bigger than hiking studying viewing it can have big impacts on the land
10: What is the wise-use movement?
-a coalition of individuals and industries that oppose environmental protection
11: Which president has weakened wilderness protection? How?
-President George W. Bush has weakened wilderness protection
-Federal agencies have shifted policies and enforcement
-Away from preservation and conservation
-Toward recreation and resource extraction
12: what is land trust? -local or regional organizations that purchase land to protect it
13: Define the following:
* Transboundary Park:an area of protected land overlapping national borders
* Peace Park:transboundary reserves that help ease tensions by acting as buffers between nations
*Biosphere Reserves:land with exceptional biodiversity
14: What is habitat fragmentation?Contiguous habitat is chopped into small pieces
15: What is a corridor? protected land that allows animals to travel between islands of protected habitat
16: What are some of the ways that National Parks are threatened?
-Overused due to popularity.
-In holdings (private ownership) within parks threaten natural resources.
-Air pollution.
-Local people invade park for wood, cropland, and other natural resources.
-Loggers, miners, and wildlife poachers also deplete natural resources.
-Many are too small to sustain large-animal species.
-Many suffer from invasive species
17: What are some solutions to protecting our National Parks?
-seek donations for the reparations of the parks
-survey wildlife in parks
-increase fund for park maintenance and repair
18: How much of the Earth’s land is currently protected nature reserves?
-Very little is protected
*Natural Grasslands: livestock graze
* Managed Grasslands: (pastures).
2: How do we sustain rangeland productivity? -productivity by controlling the number and distribution of livestock and by restoring degraded rangeland.
3: When does overgrazing occur?
-when too many animals graze for too long and exceed carrying capacity of a grassland area.
4: What are ways that people are trying to preserve the grasslands on cattle ranches?
-Paying ranchers conservation easements (barring future owners from development).
Pressuring government to zone the land to prevent development of ecologically sensitive areas.
5: What were some of the causes of the American Dust Bowl of the 1930’s?
-John Wesley Powell in the late 1800s called for agencies to base management on science
-Farming Western lands had to account for arid conditions
-These ideas ignored, contributing failures
6: What are some of the reasons to establish National Parks and Reserves?
-Monumentalism = preserving areas with enormous, beautiful or unusual features, such as the Grand Canyon
-Offer recreational value to tourists, hikers, fishers, hunters and others
-Protect areas with utilitarian benefits, such as clean drinking water
7: What is the Antiquities Act of 1906?
-The president can declare selected public lands as national monuments
8: Who established the National Wildlife Refuges? When?
-Begun in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt
9: What are wilderness areas?
-They are areas that cant be used for anything bigger than hiking studying viewing it can have big impacts on the land
10: What is the wise-use movement?
-a coalition of individuals and industries that oppose environmental protection
11: Which president has weakened wilderness protection? How?
-President George W. Bush has weakened wilderness protection
-Federal agencies have shifted policies and enforcement
-Away from preservation and conservation
-Toward recreation and resource extraction
12: what is land trust? -local or regional organizations that purchase land to protect it
13: Define the following:
* Transboundary Park:an area of protected land overlapping national borders
* Peace Park:transboundary reserves that help ease tensions by acting as buffers between nations
*Biosphere Reserves:land with exceptional biodiversity
14: What is habitat fragmentation?Contiguous habitat is chopped into small pieces
15: What is a corridor? protected land that allows animals to travel between islands of protected habitat
16: What are some of the ways that National Parks are threatened?
-Overused due to popularity.
-In holdings (private ownership) within parks threaten natural resources.
-Air pollution.
-Local people invade park for wood, cropland, and other natural resources.
-Loggers, miners, and wildlife poachers also deplete natural resources.
-Many are too small to sustain large-animal species.
-Many suffer from invasive species
17: What are some solutions to protecting our National Parks?
-seek donations for the reparations of the parks
-survey wildlife in parks
-increase fund for park maintenance and repair
18: How much of the Earth’s land is currently protected nature reserves?
-Very little is protected