The Fish and the Forest :
Main Points:
· In fact, several sensationalized reports implied that Alaska might fall into “financial and social collapse” unless the bear populations were controlled.
· Recently, however, researchers have discovered a new facet of this relationship, and the finding has radically changed notions about how the salmon, the streams and the bordering woodlands affect one another—and, naturally, notions about how they should be managed.
· Bears fertilize the forest, Not intentionally, of course, but the end result is that these large predators bring valuable marine-derived nutrients, in the form of salmon tissue, to the streamside woodlands, where the uneaten fish provide sustenance for an array of animals and plants.
· Produce nutirents and energy and bring it back to lake streams For example, an adult male chum salmon on the spawning grounds contains an average of 130 grams of nitrogen, 20 grams of phosphorus and more than 20,000 kilojoules of energy in the form of protein and fat. Multiplying the average nutrient composition of salmon by the total number of returning fish, we found that a 250-meter reach of stream in southeastern Alaska received more than 80 kilograms of nitrogen and 11 kilogram of phosphorusin the form of chum salmon tissue in just over a month.
· To avoid confrontations, bears often carry their salmon catch onto the streamside bank or into the forest.
· Once safely alone, they usually eat only the most nutritious part of the fish and discard the rest, which still contains many valuable minerals and calories.
· These rich remains support a hierarchy of animals and plants.
· The dependence of the ecosystem on the salmon carcasses has captured the attention of fishery and forest managers, who now recognize the importance of both bears and salmon to the system.
· Bears often only eat the most nourishing part of the salmon, The fl ow of nutrients in streamside ecosystems has traditionally been thought to move in one direction only (orange arrows)—from the forest into streams and rivers and then to the sea Researchers now know that in systems where bear and salmon are present nutrients also move in the opposite direction (gray arrows).
· (Energy from the sea) In Washington State, researchers have compiled a list of more than 50 species of terrestrial vertebrates nourished by salmon carcasses.
· In some cases, up to 70 percent of the nitrogen in the foliage of streamside shrubs and trees is of salmon origin. Not surprisingly, one study found that growth of Sitka spruce, the dominant streamside tree in the area, was three times greater along salmon streams than along non salmon streams. In several studies, researchers correlated the amount of salmon-derived nitrogen or carbon directly with the movements of bears, providing further evidence that their foraging behavior is the mechain that delivers the salmon nutrients to riparian plants.
· In areas where salmon runs are seriously reduced or wiped out, state agencies are now transporting salmon carcasses—dropping them from helicopters or dispersing them from trucks—to riparian systems as a restoration effort intended to mimic natural processes until salmon runs return to their historical levels
Summary:
The bear population is a very important factor for the forest they are needed because bears fertilize the forest. Not intentionally, of course, but the end result is that these large predators bring valuable marine-derived nutrients, in the form of salmon tissue, to the streamside woodlands, where the uneaten fish provide sustenance for an array of animals and plants.It is important to conserve both bears and salmon because salmon bring back nutrients to the lakes and bears eat them. Male salmon can have up to 130 grams of nitrogen and 20 grams of phosphorus. The scientist had done some calculations with the number of fish and they found that Alaska received more that 80 kilogram nitrogen and 11 kilograms of phosphorium in the form of chum salmon in just over a month. The way that the nutrients actually gets into the forest is really interesting, the first thing the bears do is take their food somewhere else such as the streamside bank or the into the forest itself. Then the bears eat the most nutritious part of the fish and discard the rest. These minerals left help the hierarchy of animals and plants. The dependence on the ecosystem of salmon is so important. Some people have been conducting experiments or investigations and they found that in Washington state, more than 5o species of terrestrial vertebrates were nourished by salmon carcasses. It is found that 70 % of the nitrogen in the streamside come from salmon, and some trees have grown because of salmon nutrient. To fix the problem where no salmon is of evidence or whipped out state agencies are now transporting them from helicopters and dropping them into water ways for bears reach.
My reaction :
My reaction to this article is that you can see many aspects in it. What i mean is that now we can see how much one little action can affect a large thing. Salmon and bears in the forest are so important they are needed for many reasons, they are needed for the ecosystem to become better. They are needed to help prevent an extinction of some animal that is in the forest. Bears are important because they are the ones that eat the salmon and expose those nutrients and the salmon are the center of the nutrients. I believe that what they are doing which is putting salmon where they are wipedouts is a very smart idea because we really need those nutrients in the soil and don't want animals to die out.
Main Points:
· In fact, several sensationalized reports implied that Alaska might fall into “financial and social collapse” unless the bear populations were controlled.
· Recently, however, researchers have discovered a new facet of this relationship, and the finding has radically changed notions about how the salmon, the streams and the bordering woodlands affect one another—and, naturally, notions about how they should be managed.
· Bears fertilize the forest, Not intentionally, of course, but the end result is that these large predators bring valuable marine-derived nutrients, in the form of salmon tissue, to the streamside woodlands, where the uneaten fish provide sustenance for an array of animals and plants.
· Produce nutirents and energy and bring it back to lake streams For example, an adult male chum salmon on the spawning grounds contains an average of 130 grams of nitrogen, 20 grams of phosphorus and more than 20,000 kilojoules of energy in the form of protein and fat. Multiplying the average nutrient composition of salmon by the total number of returning fish, we found that a 250-meter reach of stream in southeastern Alaska received more than 80 kilograms of nitrogen and 11 kilogram of phosphorusin the form of chum salmon tissue in just over a month.
· To avoid confrontations, bears often carry their salmon catch onto the streamside bank or into the forest.
· Once safely alone, they usually eat only the most nutritious part of the fish and discard the rest, which still contains many valuable minerals and calories.
· These rich remains support a hierarchy of animals and plants.
· The dependence of the ecosystem on the salmon carcasses has captured the attention of fishery and forest managers, who now recognize the importance of both bears and salmon to the system.
· Bears often only eat the most nourishing part of the salmon, The fl ow of nutrients in streamside ecosystems has traditionally been thought to move in one direction only (orange arrows)—from the forest into streams and rivers and then to the sea Researchers now know that in systems where bear and salmon are present nutrients also move in the opposite direction (gray arrows).
· (Energy from the sea) In Washington State, researchers have compiled a list of more than 50 species of terrestrial vertebrates nourished by salmon carcasses.
· In some cases, up to 70 percent of the nitrogen in the foliage of streamside shrubs and trees is of salmon origin. Not surprisingly, one study found that growth of Sitka spruce, the dominant streamside tree in the area, was three times greater along salmon streams than along non salmon streams. In several studies, researchers correlated the amount of salmon-derived nitrogen or carbon directly with the movements of bears, providing further evidence that their foraging behavior is the mechain that delivers the salmon nutrients to riparian plants.
· In areas where salmon runs are seriously reduced or wiped out, state agencies are now transporting salmon carcasses—dropping them from helicopters or dispersing them from trucks—to riparian systems as a restoration effort intended to mimic natural processes until salmon runs return to their historical levels
Summary:
The bear population is a very important factor for the forest they are needed because bears fertilize the forest. Not intentionally, of course, but the end result is that these large predators bring valuable marine-derived nutrients, in the form of salmon tissue, to the streamside woodlands, where the uneaten fish provide sustenance for an array of animals and plants.It is important to conserve both bears and salmon because salmon bring back nutrients to the lakes and bears eat them. Male salmon can have up to 130 grams of nitrogen and 20 grams of phosphorus. The scientist had done some calculations with the number of fish and they found that Alaska received more that 80 kilogram nitrogen and 11 kilograms of phosphorium in the form of chum salmon in just over a month. The way that the nutrients actually gets into the forest is really interesting, the first thing the bears do is take their food somewhere else such as the streamside bank or the into the forest itself. Then the bears eat the most nutritious part of the fish and discard the rest. These minerals left help the hierarchy of animals and plants. The dependence on the ecosystem of salmon is so important. Some people have been conducting experiments or investigations and they found that in Washington state, more than 5o species of terrestrial vertebrates were nourished by salmon carcasses. It is found that 70 % of the nitrogen in the streamside come from salmon, and some trees have grown because of salmon nutrient. To fix the problem where no salmon is of evidence or whipped out state agencies are now transporting them from helicopters and dropping them into water ways for bears reach.
My reaction :
My reaction to this article is that you can see many aspects in it. What i mean is that now we can see how much one little action can affect a large thing. Salmon and bears in the forest are so important they are needed for many reasons, they are needed for the ecosystem to become better. They are needed to help prevent an extinction of some animal that is in the forest. Bears are important because they are the ones that eat the salmon and expose those nutrients and the salmon are the center of the nutrients. I believe that what they are doing which is putting salmon where they are wipedouts is a very smart idea because we really need those nutrients in the soil and don't want animals to die out.
So what?.....
-It is important for the salmon not to die off or the bears they are a useful source of nutrients for the soil because they cause many good things in the ecosystem. They help trees plants and other animals. What if...? -If all the bears die then it would be hard for the environment surroundig that stream area to survive they wont wont the nutrints and can cause a decrease in animals as welll as a not very sustainable system. |
Says who.....?
-This researched had been conduted by scientist. This probelm has not only been conducted by scientist but many researchers and students around the world int heir classrooms. Conducting researched cant only be done by a proffesional because many students have found useful information before. What Does this remind me of? -This reminds me of the Lorax because in it animals had to leave becausethey did not have any food from the trees because they were all cut down. This can be an outcome of the slamon disapering or the bears not esixtence |